Ace 212-82 Certification with 163 Actual Questions
PASS ECCouncil 212-82 EXAM WITH UPDATED DUMPS
NEW QUESTION # 14
NexaBank, a prestigious banking institution, houses its primary data center in Houston, Texas. The data center is essential as It holds sensitive customer Information and processes millions of transactions daily. The bank, while confident about its cybersecurity measures, has concerns regarding the physical threats given Houston's susceptibility to natural disasters, especially hurricanes. The management understands that a natural disaster could disrupt services or, worse, compromise customer data. The bank Is now weighing options to enhance its physical security controls to account for such external threats.
For NexaBank's data center In Houston, which is the most critical physical security control it should consider implementing?
- A. Flood-resistant barriers and drainage systems.
- B. Bulletproof glass windows and fortified walls.
- C. Advanced CCTV surveillance with facial recognition.
- D. Deploy additional armed security personnel.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Risk of Natural Disasters:
* Given Houston's susceptibility to hurricanes and flooding, the most critical physical security control for NexaBank's data center is to implement flood-resistant barriers and drainage systems.
NEW QUESTION # 15
An advanced persistent threat (APT) group known for Its stealth and sophistication targeted a leading software development company. The attack was meticulously planned and executed over several months. It involved exploiting vulnerabilities at both the application level and the operating system level. The attack resulted in the extraction of sensitive source code anddisruption of development operations. Post-incident analysis revealed multiple attack vectors, including phishing, exploitation of unknown/unpatched vulnerabilities in software/hardware. and lateral movement within the network. Given the nature and execution of this attack, what was the primary method used by the attackers to initiate this APT?
- A. Exploiting default passwords to gain initial access to the network.
- B. Exploiting a zero-day vulnerability in the application used by developers.
- C. Exploiting a known vulnerability in the firewall to bypass network defenses.
- D. Compromising a third-party vendor with access to the company's development environment.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Definition of Zero-Day Vulnerability:
* A zero-day vulnerability is a flaw in software that is unknown to the vendor and thus has no patch available. Exploiting such a vulnerability allows attackers to infiltrate systems without detection.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Shawn, a forensic officer, was appointed to investigate a crime scene that had occurred at a coffee shop. As a part of investigation, Shawn collected the mobile device from the victim, which may contain potential evidence to identify the culprits.
Which of the following points must Shawn follow while preserving the digital evidence? (Choose three.)
- A. Turn the device ON if it is OFF
- B. Never record the screen display of the device
- C. Make sure that the device is charged
- D. Do not leave the device as it is if it is ON
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
Turn the device ON if it is OFF, do not leave the device as it is if it is ON, and make sure that the device is charged are some of the points that Shawn must follow while preserving the digital evidence in the above scenario. Digital evidence is any information or data stored or transmitted in digital form that can be used in a legal proceeding or investigation. Digital evidence can be found on various devices, such as computers, mobile phones, tablets, etc. Preserving digital evidence is a crucial step in forensic investigation that involves protecting and maintaining the integrity and authenticity of digital evidence from any alteration or damage. Some of the points that Shawn must follow while preserving digital evidence are:
Turn the device ON if it is OFF: If the device is OFF, Shawn must turn it ON to prevent any data loss or encryption that may occur when the device is powered off. Shawn must also document any password or PIN required to unlock or access the device.
Do not leave the device as it is if it is ON: If the device is ON, Shawn must not leave it as it is or use it for any purpose other than preserving digital evidence. Shawn must also disable any network connections or communication features on the device, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular data, etc., to prevent any remote access or deletion of data by unauthorized parties.
Make sure that the device is charged: Shawn must ensure that the device has enough battery power to prevent any data loss or corruption that may occur due to sudden shutdown or low battery. Shawn must also use a write blocker or a Faraday bag to isolate the device from any external interference or signals.
Never record the screen display of the device is not a point that Shawn must follow while preserving digital evidence. On contrary, Shawn should record or photograph the screen display of the device to capture any relevant information or messages that may appear on the screen. Recording or photographing the screen display of the device can also help document any changes or actions performed on the device during preservation.
NEW QUESTION # 17
NetSafe Corp, recently conducted an overhaul of its entire network. This refresh means that the old baseline traffic signatures no longer apply. The security team needs to establish a new baseline that comprehensively captures both normal and suspicious activities. The goal is to ensure real-time detection and mitigation of threats without generating excessive false positives. Which approach should NetSafe Corp, adopt to effectively set up this baseline?
- A. Conduct a red team exercise and base the new baseline on the identified threats.
- B. Continuously collect data for a week and define the average traffic pattern as the baseline.
- C. Utilize machine learning algorithms to analyze traffic for a month and generate a dynamic baseline.
- D. Analyze the last year's traffic logs and predict the baseline using historical data.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Dynamic Baseline Establishment:
* Machine learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of network traffic data over an extended period, such as a month, to understand normal and abnormal patterns dynamically.
NEW QUESTION # 18
You work in a Multinational Company named Vector Inc. on Hypervisors and Virtualization Software. You are using the Operating System (OS) Virtualization and you have to handle the Security risks associated with the OS virtualization. How can you mitigate these security risks?
- A. Disable security features on virtual machines to improve performance.
- B. All of the above
- C. Implement least privilege access control for users managing VMs.
- D. Regularly patch and update the hypervisor software for security fixes.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Mitigating security risks associated with OS virtualization involves a comprehensive approach. Here's a breakdown of the steps:
* Implement Least Privilege Access Control for Users Managing VMs:
* Limit access to only those users who need it.
* Ensure that users have only the permissions necessary to perform their tasks.
* Regularly Patch and Update the Hypervisor Software for Security Fixes:
* Keep the hypervisor and virtualization software up-to-date to protect against known vulnerabilities.
* Regular patching minimizes the risk of exploitation.
* Disable Security Features on Virtual Machines to Improve Performance:
* Note: This is actually a security risk. The correct approach is toenable and configure security featuresto protect VMs, despite the potential minor impact on performance.
Comprehensive Approach:
* A holistic security strategy includes enforcing least privilege, maintaining updated systems, and enabling security features on VMs to protect against a wide range of threats.
References:
* EC-Council Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) materials.
* Best practices for virtualization security from NIST and other cybersecurity frameworks.
NEW QUESTION # 19
Ashton is working as a security specialist in SoftEight Tech. He was instructed by the management to strengthen the Internet access policy. For this purpose, he implemented a type of Internet access policy that forbids everything and imposes strict restrictions on all company computers, whether it is system or network usage.
Identify the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario.
- A. Prudent policy
- B. Promiscuous policy
- C. Paranoid policy
- D. Permissive policy
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is A, as it identifies the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. An Internet access policy is a set of rules and guidelines that defines how an organization's employees or members can use the Internet and what types of websites or services they can access. There are different types of Internet access policies, such as:
* Paranoid policy: This type of policy forbids everything and imposes strict restrictions on all company computers, whether it is system or network usage. This policy is suitable for organizations that deal with highly sensitive or classified information and have a high level of security and compliance requirements.
* Prudent policy: This type of policy allows some things and blocks others and imposes moderate restrictions on company computers, depending on the role and responsibility of the user. This policy is suitable for organizations that deal with confidential or proprietary information and have a medium level of security and compliance requirements.
* Permissive policy: This type of policy allows most things and blocks few and imposes minimal restrictions on company computers, as long as the user does not violate any laws or regulations. This policy is suitable for organizations that deal with public or general information and have a low level of security and compliance requirements.
* Promiscuous policy: This type of policy allows everything and blocks nothing and imposes no restrictions on company computers, regardless of the user's role or responsibility. This policy is suitable for organizations that have no security or compliance requirements and trust their employees or members to use the Internet responsibly.
In the above scenario, Ashton implemented a paranoid policy that forbids everything and imposes strict restrictions on all company computers, whether it is system or network usage. Option B is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. A prudent policy allows some things and blocks others and imposes moderate restrictions on company computers, depending on the role and responsibility of the user. In the above scenario, Ashton did not implement a prudent policy, but a paranoid policy. Option C is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. A permissive policy allows most things and blocks few and imposes minimal restrictions on company computers, as long as the user does not violate any laws or regulations. In the above scenario, Ashton did not implement a permissive policy, but a paranoid policy. Option D is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of Internet access policy implemented by Ashton in the above scenario. A promiscuous policy allows everything and blocks nothing and imposes no restrictions on company computers, regardless of the user's role or responsibility. In the above scenario, Ashton did not implement a promiscuous policy, but a paranoid policy.
References: , Section 6.2
NEW QUESTION # 20
As a cybersecurity technician, you were assigned to analyze the file system of a Linux image captured from a device that has been attacked recently. Study the forensic image 'Evidenced.img" in the Documents folder of the "Attacker Machine-1" and identify a user from the image file. (Practical Question)
- A. smith
- B. john
- C. attacker
- D. roger
Answer: C
Explanation:
The attacker is a user from the image file in the above scenario. A file system is a method or structure that organizes and stores files and data on a storage device, such as a hard disk, a flash drive, etc. A file system can have different types based on its format or features, such as FAT, NTFS, ext4, etc. A file system can be analyzed to extract various information, such as file names, sizes, dates, contents, etc. A Linux image is an image file that contains a copy or a snapshot of a Linux-based file system . A Linux image can be analyzed to extract various information about a Linux-based system or device . To analyze the file system of a Linux image captured from a device that has been attacked recently and identify a user from the image file, one has to follow these steps:
Navigate to Documents folder of Attacker Machine-1.
Right-click on Evidenced.img file and select Mount option.
Wait for the image file to be mounted and assigned a drive letter.
Open File Explorer and navigate to the mounted drive.
Open etc folder and open passwd file with a text editor.
Observe the user accounts listed in the file.
The user accounts listed in the file are:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin systemd-timesync:x:100: systemd-network:x: systemd-resolve:x: systemd-bus-proxy:x: syslog:x: _apt:x: messagebus:x: uuidd:x: lightdm:x: whoopsie:x: avahi-autoipd:x: avahi:x: dnsmasq:x: colord:x: speech-dispatcher:x: hplip:x: kernoops:x: saned:x: nm-openvpn:x: nm-openconnect:x: pulse:x: rtkit:x: sshd:x: attacker::1000 The user account that is not a system or service account is attacker, which is a user from the image file.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Jane Is a newly appointed Chief Financial Officer at BigTech Corp. Within a week, she receives an email from a sender posing as the company's CEO. instructing her to make an urgent wire transfer. Suspicious. Jane decides to verify the request's authenticity. She receives another email from the same sender, now attaching a seemingly scanned Image of the CEO's handwritten note. Simultaneously, she gets a call from an 'IT support' representative, instructing her to click on the attached image to download a 'security patch'. Concerned. Jane must determine which social engineering tactics she encountered.
- A. Spear phishing through the CEO impersonation email and vishing via the 'IT support' call.
- B. Baiting via the handwritten note image and preloading through the 'IT support' call.
- C. Spear phishing through both the emails and quizzing via the 'IT support' call.
- D. Phishing through the CEO impersonation email and baiting via the 'IT support' call.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Jane encountered a combination of social engineering tactics:
* Spear Phishing:
* CEO Impersonation Email: The initial email and the follow-up with the scanned image of the CEO's handwritten note are examples of spear phishing, where attackers target specific individuals with tailored messages to gain their trust and extract sensitive information.
* Vishing:
* 'IT Support' Call: The phone call from the supposed 'IT support' representative asking Jane to download a 'security patch' is a form of vishing (voice phishing). This tactic involves using phone calls to trick victims into revealing sensitive information or performing actions that compromise security.
References:
* Social Engineering Techniques: SANS Institute Reading Room
* Phishing and Vishing Explained: Norton Security
NEW QUESTION # 22
In an organization, all the servers and database systems are guarded in a sealed room with a single-entry point.
The entrance is protected with a physical lock system that requires typing a sequence of numbers and letters by using a rotating dial that intermingles with several other rotating discs.
Which of the following types of physical locks is used by the organization in the above scenario?
- A. Combination locks
- B. Electromagnetic locks
- C. Digital locks
- D. Mechanical locks
Answer: A
Explanation:
It identifies the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. A physical lock is a device that prevents unauthorized access to a door, gate, cabinet, or other enclosure by using a mechanism that requires a key, code, or biometric factor to open or close it. There are different types of physical locks, such as:
* Combination lock: This type of lock requires typing a sequence of numbers and letters by using a rotating dial that intermingles with several other rotating discs. This type of lock is suitable for securing safes, lockers, or cabinets that store valuable items or documents.
* Digital lock: This type of lock requires entering a numeric or alphanumeric code by using a keypad or touchscreen. This type of lock is suitable for securing doors or gates that require frequent access or multiple users.
* Mechanical lock: This type of lock requires inserting and turning a metal key that matches the shape and size of the lock. This type of lock is suitable for securing doors or gates that require simple and reliable access or single users.
* Electromagnetic lock: This type of lock requires applying an electric current to a magnet that attracts a metal plate attached to the door or gate. This type of lock is suitable for securing doors or gates that require remote control or integration with other security systems.
In the above scenario, the organization used a combination lock that requires typing a sequence of numbers and letters by using a rotating dial that intermingles with several other rotating discs. Option A is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. A digital lock requires entering a numeric or alphanumeric code by using a keypad or touchscreen. In the above scenario, the organization did not use a digital lock, but a combination lock. Option C is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. A mechanical lock requires inserting and turning a metal key that matches the shape and size of the lock. In the above scenario, the organization did not use a mechanical lock, but a combination lock. Option D is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. An electromagnetic lock requires applying an electric current to a magnet that attracts a metal plate attached to the door or gate. In the above scenario, the organization did not use an electromagnetic lock, but a combination lock. References: , Section 7.2
NEW QUESTION # 23
Shawn, a forensic officer, was appointed to investigate a crime scene that had occurred at a coffee shop. As a part of investigation, Shawn collected the mobile device from the victim, which may contain potential evidence to identify the culprits.
Which of the following points must Shawn follow while preserving the digital evidence? (Choose three.)
- A. Turn the device ON if it is OFF
- B. Never record the screen display of the device
- C. Make sure that the device is charged
- D. Do not leave the device as it is if it is ON
Answer: A,C,D
NEW QUESTION # 24
Kevin, a professional hacker, wants to penetrate CyberTech Inc.'s network. He employed a technique, using which he encoded packets with Unicode characters. The company's IDS cannot recognize the packet, but the target web server can decode them.
What is the technique used by Kevin to evade the IDS system?
- A. Desynchronization
- B. Urgency flag
- C. Session splicing
- D. Obfuscating
Answer: D
Explanation:
Obfuscating is the technique used by Kevin to evade the IDS system in the above scenario. Obfuscating is a technique that involves encoding or modifying packets or data with various methods or characters to make them unreadable or unrecognizable by an IDS (Intrusion Detection System). Obfuscating can be used to bypass or evade an IDS system that relies on signatures or patterns to detect malicious activities. Obfuscating can include encoding packets with Unicode characters, which are characters that can represent various languages and symbols. The IDS system cannot recognize the packet, but the target web server can decode them and execute them normally. Desynchronization is a technique that involves creating discrepancies or inconsistencies between the state of a connection as seen by an IDS system and the state of a connection as seen by the end hosts. Desynchronization can be used to bypass or evade an IDS system that relies on stateful inspection to track and analyze connections. Desynchronization can include sending packets with invalid sequence numbers, which are numbers that indicate the order of packets in a connection. Session splicing is a technique that involves splitting or dividing packets or data into smaller fragments or segmentsto make them harder to detect by an IDS system. Session splicing can be used to bypass or evade an IDS system that relies on packet size or content to detect malicious activities. Session splicing can include sending packets with small MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) values, which are values that indicate the maximum size of packets that can be transmitted over a network. An urgency flag is a flag in the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) header that indicates that the data in the packet is urgent and should be processed immediately by the receiver.
An urgency flag is not a technique to evade an IDS system, but it can be used to trigger an IDS system to generate an alert or a response.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Cairo, an incident responder. was handling an incident observed in an organizational network. After performing all IH&R steps, Cairo initiated post-incident activities. He determined all types of losses caused by the incident by identifying And evaluating all affected devices, networks, applications, and software. Identify the post-incident activity performed by Cairo in this scenario.
- A. Close the investigation
- B. Incident impact assessment
- C. Review and revise policies
- D. Incident disclosure
Answer: B
Explanation:
Incident impact assessment is the post-incident activity performed by Cairo in this scenario. Incident impact assessment is a post-incident activity that involves determining all types of losses caused by the incident by identifying and evaluating all affected devices, networks, applications, and software. Incident impact assessment can include measuring financial losses, reputational damages, operational disruptions, legal liabilities, or regulatory penalties1. Reference: Incident Impact Assessment
NEW QUESTION # 26
TechTYendz. a leading tech company, is moving towards the final stages of developing a new cloud-based web application aimed at real-time data processing for financial transactions. Given the criticality of data and the high user volume expected. TechTYendz's security team is keen on employing rigorous application security testing techniques. The team decides to carry out a series of tests using tools that can best mimic potential real-world attacks on the application. The team's main concern Is to detect vulnerabilities In the system, including those stemming from configuration errors, software bugs, and faulty APIs. The security experts have shortlisted four testing tools and techniques. Which of the following would be the MOST comprehensive method to ensure a thorough assessment of the application's security?
- A. Implementing a tool that combines both SAST and DAST features for a more holistic security overview.
- B. Employing dynamic application security testing (DAST) tools that analyze running applications in realtime.
- C. Conducting a manual penetration test focusing only on the user interface and transaction modules.
- D. Utilizing static application security testing (SAST) tools to scan the source code for vulnerabilities.
Answer: A
Explanation:
For comprehensive application security testing, combining Static Application Security Testing (SAST) and Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) provides the best coverage:
* Static Application Security Testing (SAST):
* Source Code Analysis: Scans the source code to identify vulnerabilities such as code injection, buffer overflows, and insecure APIs.
* Early Detection: Allows developers to fix vulnerabilities early in the development lifecycle.
* Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST):
* Runtime Analysis: Tests the running application for vulnerabilities, including issues related to configuration, authentication, and authorization.
* Real-World Attacks: Simulates real-world attacks to identify how the application behaves under different threat scenarios.
* Combined Approach:
* Holistic Security: Using both SAST and DAST provides a thorough security assessment, covering both code-level and runtime vulnerabilities.
* Comprehensive Coverage: Ensures that both internal code issues and external attack vectors are addressed.
References:
* OWASP Guide on SAST and DAST: OWASP
* NIST Application Security Guidelines:NIST SP 800-53
NEW QUESTION # 27
Ruben, a crime investigator, wants to retrieve all the deleted files and folders in the suspected media without affecting the original files. For this purpose, he uses a method that involves the creation of a cloned copy of the entire media and prevents the contamination of the original media.
Identify the method utilized by Ruben in the above scenario.
- A. Logical acquisition
- B. Drive decryption
- C. Sparse acquisition
- D. Bit-stream imaging
Answer: D
Explanation:
Bit-stream imaging is the method utilized by Ruben in the above scenario. Bit-stream imaging is a method that involves creating a cloned copy of the entire media and prevents the contamination of the original media. Bit-stream imaging copies all the data on the media, including deleted files and folders, hidden partitions, slack space, etc., at a bit level. Bit-stream imaging preserves the integrity and authenticity of the digital evidence and allows further analysis without affecting the original media. Sparse acquisition is a method that involves creating a partial copy of the media by skipping empty sectors or blocks. Drive decryption is a method that involves decrypting an encrypted drive or partition using a password or a key. Logical acquisition is a method that involves creating a copy of the logical files and folders on the media using file system commands.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Sam, a software engineer, visited an organization to give a demonstration on a software tool that helps in business development. The administrator at the organization created a least privileged account on a system and allocated that system to Sam for the demonstration. Using this account, Sam can only access the files that are required for the demonstration and cannot open any other file in the system.
Which of the following types of accounts the organization has given to Sam in the above scenario?
- A. Administrator account
- B. Service account
- C. User account
- D. Guest account
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is B, as it identifies the type of account that the organization has given to Sam in the above scenario. A guest account is a type of account that allows temporary or limited access to a system or network for visitors or users who do not belong to the organization. A guest account typically has minimal privileges and permissions and can only access certain files or applications. In the above scenario, the organization has given Sam a guest account for the demonstration. Using this account, Sam can only access the files that are required for the demonstration and cannot open any other file in the system. Option A is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of account that the organization has given to Sam in the above scenario. A service account is a type of account that allows applications or services to run on a system or network under a specific identity. A service account typically has high privileges and permissions and can access various files or applications. In the above scenario, the organization has not given Sam a service account for the demonstration. Option C is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of account that the organization has given to Sam in the above scenario. A user account is a type of account that allows regular access to a system or network for employees or members of an organization. A user account typically has moderate privileges and permissions and can access various files or applications depending on their role. In the above scenario, the organization has not given Sam a user account for thedemonstration. Option D is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of account that the organization has given to Sam in the above scenario. An administrator account is a type of account that allows full access to a system or network for administrators or managers of an organization. An administrator account typically has the highest privileges and permissions and can access and modify any files or applications. In the above scenario, the organization has not given Sam an administrator account for the demonstration.
References: , Section 4.1
NEW QUESTION # 29
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