BPS-Pharmacotherapy Free Exam Study Guide! (Updated 175 Questions)
BPS-Pharmacotherapy Dumps for Board of Pharmacy Specialties Certified Exam Questions & Answer
NEW QUESTION 100
A study shows that the participants who received 6 months of a new oral anticoagulant after a venous thromboembolism were randomized to continue with the new oral anticoagulant (n =
612) or to placebo (n = 611) for 18 months. Thromboembolism recurred in 12 subjects in the new oral anticoagulant group and 71 subjects in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09-
0.30; p < 0.001).
Which of the following statements regarding these results is correct?
- A. The new oral anticoagulant reduces the relative risk of a secondary venous thromboembolism by 9.6% compared to placebo.
- B. The new oral anticoagulant reduces the relative risk of a secondary venous thromboembolism by 17% compared to placebo.
- C. The difference between the new oral anticoagulant and placebo in the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism is not statistically significant.
- D. The new oral anticoagulant reduces the relative risk of a secondary venous thromboembolism by 83% compared to placebo.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 101
A pharmacy student on rotation in a community health clinic states that he saw medical charts outside exam rooms in the box on the door. He wants to know if this conforms to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rule. What is the best response?
- A. Yes, provided that the clinic takes reasonable and appropriate measures to protect the patient's privacy
- B. Yes, if the clinic removes the patient's name from the outside of the chart and places the chart in an unlabeled bin
- C. No, patient charts may not be placed outside an exam room door
- D. No, patient charts must be kept in a secure location at the nurses' station or in the room with the patient
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 102
A patient asks for advice relative to an herbal supplement to treat heart failure. The patient is currently NYHA Class III (LVEF 25%) and is adherent to medications, which include digoxin
0.25 mg daily, furosemide 40 mg daily, lisinopril 10 mg daily, carvedilol 6.25 mg twice daily, potassium 20 mEq daily, and simvastatin 40 mg nightly.
The patient has BP of 120/78 mm Hg, HR of 60 bpm, 9 cm JVD, 2+ pitting edema, and has experienced a 2.3 kg weight gain in last 2 days. All laboratory values are within normal limits.
Based on the following information, what is the most appropriate suggestion for the patient?
- A. L-Carnitine
- B. Omega-3-fatty acid
- C. Coenzyme Q10
- D. Avoidance of dietary supplements
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 103
A nurse administering an injectable narcotic is stuck with the needle. Which of the following is the most important information about the nurse's immune status to determine appropriate bloodborne pathogen/hepatitis B procedures?
- A. Current hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status
- B. Dates of last hepatitis B vaccination
- C. Current hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) status
- D. Date of last dose of hepatitis B immune globulin
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 104
A shortage of parenteral acyclovir was just announced; a hospital has 25 vials on hand and uses
20 vials in a typical month. The wholesaler has 250 vials on hand but will not receive any more supply for 4 months. What is the hospital's most appropriate response to the shortage?
- A. Issue daily updates to prescribers on inventory levels.
- B. Develop guidelines for use of the remaining supply.
- C. Order 250 vials in case the shortage is longer than expected.
- D. Obtain stock from a neighboring hospital when supplies run out.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 105
A pharmacotherapy specialist has been asked to provide information on the incidence of a particular side effect for a drug that has now been on the U.S. market for 5 years. The only information available comes from the FDA's MedWatch program. The apparent incidence of a given adverse effect, as determined from the MedWatch database, is likely to be which of the following?
- A. Unreliable because the voluntary nature of reporting makes numerator data questionable
- B. Reliable because the data are accumulated in cooperation with the pharmaceutical industry
- C. Reliable because healthcare institutions such as hospitals are mandated to report all adverse drug events to the FDA
- D. Unreliable because reporting healthcare providers usually fail to establish a temporal relationship
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 106
The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures health plan performance on important dimensions of care and service. The benchmarks used for quality of care are derived from goals established by the:
- A. Joint Commission.
- B. National Quality Forum.
- C. National Committee for Quality Assurance.
- D. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 107
A 45-year-old patient develops neutropenia, fever, headache, meningismus, and lethargy after induction chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. A lumbar puncture reveals 1,000 total nucleated cells with elevated CSF protein with gram stain showing Gram-positive rods. Which of the following is the best initial empiric therapy for this patient?
- A. Ampicillin and cefotaxime
- B. Ampicillin
- C. Ceftriaxone
- D. Ceftazidime and gentamicin
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 108
A population study of gentamicin pharmacokinetics in 425 neonates reported the following correlation by least-squares linear regression between gestational age and gentamicin clearance:
r2 = 0.35, p = 0.0001. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation of these data?
- A. A significant correlation exists between gestational age and gentamicin clearance, with gestational age accounting for 59% of the variability of gentamicin clearance.
- B. A correlation coefficient of less than 0.8 essentially means no significant relationship exists between gestational age and gentamicin clearance in neonates.
- C. A significant correlation exists between gestational age of newborns and gentamicin clearance, but gestational age accounts for only 35% of the variability in clearance.
- D. A significant correlation exists between gestational age and gentamicin clearance, with gestational age accounting for 65% of the variability in gentamicin clearance.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 109
Which of the following components of a grant proposal defines the study hypothesis?
- A. Significance
- B. Specific aims
- C. Background
- D. Research design
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 110
A patient presents at a physician's office with gait unsteadiness and clumsiness. The patient has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic numbness and tingling of the feet and fingertips.
Examination reveals mild distal wasting, glove-and-stocking sensory impairment, absent ankle jerks, brisk knee jerks, and bilateral Babinski reflexes. Gait is slightly ataxic.
CBC reveals a hemoglobin of 10.1 g/dL, WBC of 4,500 cells/mL, MCV 120 fL, and platelets
163,000 cells/ul.
Which of the following is the most important laboratory test for assisting in diagnosis?
- A. Ferritin
- B. Folic acid
- C. Serum vitamin B12
- D. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 111
The risk of methemoglobinemia is highest with the use of:
- A. benzocaine 6% topical cream in a 25-year-old for pain associated with a sunburn.
- B. benzocaine 20% topical cream in a 42-year-old for pain associated with insect bites.
- C. benzocaine 10% oral gel in a 67-year-old for oral pain associated with ill-fitting dentures.
- D. benzocaine 7.5% oral gel in an 18-month-old for oral pain associated with teething.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 112
A pharmacotherapy specialist is interpreting a published paper describing a randomized controlled, double-bling study that was conducted to evaluate the effects of antihistamines on the failure rate of treatment of otitis media in children. In the study, 250 children received antihistamines and 264 did not. All children received appropriate antibiotic therapy. Treatment failures occurred in four (1.6%) of the children who received antihistamines and in 13 (4.9%) of those who did not. The difference is statistically significant (p<0.05, chi-square). Which of the following statements about these result is appropriate?
- A. Antihistamines should be administered to all children with otitis media who meet study entry criteria.
- B. Knowledge of the rate and severity of adverse event in the study is needed to allow a therapeutic decision.
- C. Chi-square is not the appropriate statistical test.
- D. The sample size is inadequate to allow clinical conclusions.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 113
A 67-year-old patient is hospitalized for decompensated heart failure. The serum sodium concentration is 130 mEq/L on admission. Which of the following is the most appropriate approach to managing the patient's hyponatremia?
- A. Restriction of both sodium and fluids
- B. 0.9% NaCl 200 mL/h intravenously for 5 hours
- C. 3% NaCl 50 mL/h intravenously for 5 hours
- D. Conivaptan 20 mg intravenously over 24 hours
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 114
After the first intravenous bolus dose of a drug, the peak concentration is 50 mcg/mL, the elimination rate constant is 0.3/h, and the dosage Interval is 6 hours. Assuming a one compartment model and intravenous bolus injection, which of the following will be the peak concentration following the second dose?
- A. 58 mcg/mL
- B. 64 mcg/mL
- C. 50mcg/mL
- D. 75 mcg/mL
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 115
A pharmacotherapy specialist is the anticoagulation clinic manager at a for-profit institution.
One of the internal medicine physicians in this institution is interested in submitting a research grant application to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to study the effectiveness of low- intensity warfarin therapy on prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients.
This was the subject of the PREVENT trial.
With regard to the grant application, the pharmacotherapy specialist should inform the physician about which of the following restrictions?
- A. NIH-funded research can take place only on the campus.
- B. The NIH provides grants only to nonprofit organizations.
- C. The NIH funds only studies involving drugs that have not yet been FDA-approved.
- D. The NIH funds only novel research.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 116
A patient with recently diagnosed Iymphoma is receiving doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. Aggressive intravenous hydration is required to decrease the complications associated with which of the following?
- A. Tumor lysis syndrome
- B. Dacarbazine nephrotoxicity
- C. Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy
- D. Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 117
A 65-year-old woman on chronic hemodialysis presents with difficulty breathing and inability to sleep. The patient has had shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea, but has not vomited.
She denies having abdominal pain, diarrhea, or chest pain. She has tachycardia and tachypnea, and exhibits peaked T waves with occasional PVCs on the ECG. Serum chemistry values are:
* Sodium: 137 mEq/L
* BUN: 125 mg/dL
* Potassium: 7.2 mEq/L
* Creatinine: 12.8 mg/dL
* Chloride: 97 mEq/L
* Glucose: 95 mg/dL
* HCO3- : 11 mEq/L
* Calcium: 8.5 mg/dL
* Albumin: 3.1 g/dL
* Phosphorus: 1.7 mg/dL
Which of the following should the pharmacotherapy specialist recommend for immediate therapy?
- A. Hemodialysis
- B. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate with sorbitol orally
- C. Sodium bicarbonate intravenously
- D. Calcium gluconate intravenously
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 118
The most efficient approach for comparing the efficacy of treatments for BPH is to search which of the following?
- A. Lexicomp's Drug information Handbook
- B. Cochrane Systematic Reviews
- C. Drug Facts & Comparisons
- D. MEDLINE for clinical trials
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 119
A nurse's aide calls the drug information center, tells the pharmacotherapy specialist that she has found a capsule on her client's countertop and asks if the capsule can be identified. There is an imprint on the capsule. Which reference is the most appropriate to identify this capsule?
- A. Red Book
- B. Micromedex
- C. Martindale: The Complete Drug Book
- D. The Harriet Lane Handbook
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 120
A hospital requests a policy and procedure document for the monitoring and reporting of significant adverse drug reactions. Which agency requires a policy for the reporting of adverse drug reactions by hospitals?
- A. Food and Drug Administration
- B. National Committee for Quality Assurance
- C. Institute for Safe medication Practices
- D. Joint Commission
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 121
A 71-year-old patient presents for a hospital follow-up visit after a recent inpatient stay for an exacerbation of COPD, the fourth such stay in the past year. The patient's home medication regimen includes albuterol/ipratropium by inhaler, theophylline, and extended release guaifenesin. The latest FEV1 value in a one-second test was 40% of the predicted value; o2 Sat was 90%. Which of the following is the most appropriate management strategy for this patient?
- A. A trail of montelukast
- B. A trail of systemic corticosteroids
- C. A trial of inhaled corticosteroids
- D. A trail of home oxygen therapy
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 122
A patient is started on ledipasvir-sofosbuvir. What would be the best indicator of treatment response?
- A. Absence of cryoglobulinemia
- B. HCV RNA below the lower limit of quantification
- C. ALT less than three times the upper limit of normal
- D. Absence of alpha-fetoprotein
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 123
A 46-year-old man comes into the clinic complaining of facial swelling and difficulty breathing.
Upon examination, it is determined that the patient has facial edema most likely associated with enalapril use. The patient was transferred to the hospital for treatment of the facial edema. It is most appropriate to report this reaction to the:
- A. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.
- B. FDA.
- C. Drug manufacturer.
- D. MEDMARX database.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 124
A 59-year-old man presents to the neurology clinic with recently diagnosed Parkinson's disease.
At his last visit 2 months ago, selegiline therapy was instituted, and he is tolerating it well. The patient still complains of tremor and rigidity that are interfering with both professional and leisure activities. Which option is most appropriate at this time?
- A. Change to ropinirole.
- B. Change to carbidopa/levodopa.
- C. Change to entacapone.
- D. Change to amantadine.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 125
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