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NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following statements about Type 1 hypervisors is true?
- A. The hardware vendor and software vendor are the same
- B. The hardware vendor provides an open platform for software vendors.
- C. The hardware vendor and software vendor are different.
- D. The hardware vendor and software vendor should always be different for the sake of security.
Answer: A
Explanation:
With a Type 1 hypervisor, the management software and hardware are tightly tied together and provided by the same vendor on a closed platform. This allows for optimal security, performance, and support. The other answers are all incorrect descriptions of a Type 1 hypervisor.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following threat types involves leveraging a user's browser to send untrusted data to be executed with legitimate access via the user's valid credentials?
- A. Missing function-level access control
- B. Cross-site request forgery
- C. Injection
- D. Cross-site scripting
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
ExplanationCross-site scripting (XSS) is an attack where a malicious actor is able to send untrusted data to a user's browser without going through any validation or sanitization processes, or perhaps the code is not properly escaped from processing by the browser. The code is then executed on the user's browser with their own access and permissions, allowing the attacker to redirect the user's web traffic, steal data from their session, or potentially access information on the user's own computer that their browser has the ability to access. Missing function-level access control exists where an application only checks for authorization during the initial login process and does not further validate with each function call. An injection attack is where a malicious actor sends commands or other arbitrary data through input and data fields with the intent of having the application or system execute the code as part of its normal processing and queries. Cross-site request forgery occurs when an attack forces an authenticated user to send forged requests to an application running under their own access and credentials.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following is the primary purpose of an SOC 3 report?
- A. HIPAA compliance
- B. Absolute assurances
- C. Compliance with PCI/DSS
- D. Seal of approval
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The SOC 3 report is more of an attestation than a full evaluation of controls associated with a service provider.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which aspect of cloud computing serves as the biggest challenge to using DLP to protect data at rest?
- A. Reversibility
- B. Portability
- C. Interoperability
- D. Resource pooling
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Resource pooling serves as the biggest challenge to using DLP solutions to protect data at rest because data is spread across large systems, which are also shared by many different clients. With the data always moving and being distributed, additional challenges for protection are created versus a physical and isolated storage system. Portability is the ability to easily move between different cloud providers, and interoperability is focused on the ability to reuse components or services. Reversibility pertains to the ability of a cloud customer to easily and completely remove their data and services from a cloud provider.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which aspect of data poses the biggest challenge to using automated tools for data discovery and programmatic data classification?
- A. Quantity
- B. Number of courses
- C. Quality
- D. Language
Answer: C
Explanation:
The biggest challenge for properly using any programmatic tools in data discovery is the actual quality of the data, including the data being uniform and well structured, labels being properly applied, and other similar facets. Without data being organized in such a manner, it is extremely difficult for programmatic tools to automatically synthesize and make determinations from it. The overall quantity of data, as well as the number of sources, does not pose an enormous challenge for data discovery programs, other than requiring a longer time to process the data. The language of the data itself should not matter to a program that is designed to process it, as long as the data is well formed and consistent.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which phase of the cloud data lifecycle represents the first instance where security controls can be implemented?
- A. Use
- B. Create
- C. Store
- D. Share
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The store phase occurs immediately after the create phase, and as data is committed to storage structures, the first opportunity for security controls to be implemented is realized. During the create phase, the data is not yet part of a system where security controls can be applied, and although the use and share phases also entail the application of security controls, they are not the first phase where the process occurs.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Gathering business requirements can aid the organization in determining all of this information about organizational assets, except:
- A. Criticality
- B. Full inventory
- C. Value
- D. Usefulness
Answer: D
Explanation:
When we gather information about business requirements, we need to do a complete inventory, receive accurate valuation of assets (usually from the owners of those assets), and assess criticality; this collection of information does not tell us, objectively, how useful an asset is, however.
NEW QUESTION # 40
What type of software is often considered secured and validated via community knowledge?
Response:
- A. Scripting
- B. Proprietary
- C. Open source
- D. Object-oriented
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which of the following is an example of useful and sufficient data masking of the string "CCSP"?
Response:
- A. PSCC
- B. 3X91
- C. XCSP
- D. TtLp
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 42
All of the following are usually nonfunctional requirements except ____________.
Response:
- A. Security
- B. Sound
- C. Color
- D. Function
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 43
What strategy involves replacing sensitive data with opaque values, usually with a means of mapping it back to the original value?
- A. Obfuscation
- B. Anonymization
- C. Tokenization
- D. Masking
Answer: C
Explanation:
Tokenization is the practice of utilizing a random and opaque "token" value in data to replace what otherwise would be a sensitive or protected data object. The token value is usually generated by the application with a means to map it back to the actual real value, and then the token value is placed in the data set with the same formatting and requirements of the actual real value so that the application can continue to function without different modifications or code changes.
NEW QUESTION # 44
What's a potential problem when object storage versus volume storage is used within IaaS for application use and dependency?
- A. Object storage may have availability issues.
- B. Object storage is only optimized for small files.
- C. Object storage is dependent on access control from the host server.
- D. Object storage is its own system, and data consistency depends on replication.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Object storage runs on its own independent systems, which have their own redundancy and distribution.
To ensure data consistency, sufficient time is needed for objects to fully replicate to all potential locations before being accessed. Object storage is optimized for high availability and will not be any less reliable than any other virtual machine within a cloud environment. It is hosted on a separate system that does not have dependencies in local host servers for access control, and it is optimized for files of all different sizes and uses.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Firewalls are used to provide network security throughout an enterprise and to control what information can be accessed--and to a certain extent, through what means.
Which of the following is NOT something that firewalls are concerned with?
- A. Port
- B. Protocol
- C. IP address
- D. Encryption
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Firewalls work at the network level and control traffic based on the source, destination, protocol, and ports.
Whether or not the traffic is encrypted is not a factor with firewalls and their decisions about routing traffic.
Firewalls work primarily with IP addresses, ports, and protocols.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which cloud storage type is typically used to house virtual machine images that are used throughout the environment?
- A. Structured
- B. Unstructured
- C. Volume
- D. Object
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Object storage is typically used to house virtual machine images because it is independent from other systems and is focused solely on storage. It is also the most appropriate for handling large individual files. Volume storage, because it is allocated to a specific host, would not be appropriate for the storing of virtual images.
Structured and unstructured are storage types specific to PaaS and would not be used for storing items used throughout a cloud environment.
NEW QUESTION # 47
You are a consultant performing an external security review on a large manufacturing firm.
You determine that its newest assembly plant, which cost $24 million, could be completely destroyed by a fire but that a fire suppression system could effectively protect the plant.
The fire suppression system costs $15 million. An insurance policy that would cover the full replacement cost of the plant costs $1 million per month.
In order to establish the true annualized loss expectancy (ALE), you would need all of the following information except ____________.
Response:
- A. The amount of product the plant creates
- B. The amount of revenue generated by the plant
- C. The rate at which the plant generates revenue
- D. The length of time it would take to rebuild the plant
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which data state would be most likely to use TLS as a protection mechanism?
- A. Data in use
- B. Data in transit
- C. Archived
- D. Data at rest
Answer: B
Explanation:
TLS would be used with data in transit, when packets are exchanged between clients or services and sent across a network. During the data-in-use state, the data is already protected via a technology such as TLS as it is exchanged over the network and then relies on other technologies such as digital signatures for protection while being used. The data-at-rest state primarily uses encryption for stored file objects.
Archived data would be the same as data at rest.
NEW QUESTION # 49
Which component of ITIL involves planning for the restoration of services after an unexpected outage or incident?
- A. Availability management
- B. Problem management
- C. Continuity management
- D. Configuration management
Answer: C
Explanation:
Continuity management (or business continuity management) is focused on planning for the successful restoration of systems or services after an unexpected outage, incident, or disaster.
Problem management is focused on identifying and mitigating known problems and deficiencies before they occur. Availability management is focused on making sure system resources, processes, personnel, and toolsets are properly allocated and secured to meet SLA requirements. Configuration management tracks and maintains detailed information about all IT components within an organization.
NEW QUESTION # 50
For optimal security, trust zones are used for network segmentation and isolation. They allow for the separation of various systems and tiers, each with its own security level.
Which of the following is typically used to allow administrative personnel access to trust zones?
- A. VPN
- B. IPSec
- C. SSH
- D. TLS
Answer: A
Explanation:
Virtual private networks (VPNs) are used to provide administrative personnel with secure communication channels through security systems and into trust zones. They allow staff who perform system administration tasks to have access to ports and systems that are not allowed from the public Internet.
IPSec is an encryption protocol for point-to-point communications at the network level, and may be used within a trust zone but not to give access into a trust zone. TLS enables encryption of communications between systems and services and would likely be used to secure the VPN communications, but it does not represent the overall concept being asked for in the question. SSH allows for secure shell access to systems, but not for general access into trust zones.
NEW QUESTION # 51
What is the major difference between authentication/authorization?
Response:
- A. Inverse incantation/obverse instantiation
- B. Identity validation/access permission
- C. Code verification/code implementation
- D. User access/privileged access
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 52
During which stage of the SDLC process should security be consulted and begin its initial involvement?
- A. Testing
- B. Requirement gathering
- C. Development
- D. Design
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 53
What type of segregation and separation of resources is needed within a cloud environment for multitenancy purposes versus a traditional data center model?
- A. Physical
- B. Security
- C. Virtual
- D. Logical
Answer: D
Explanation:
Cloud environments lack the ability to physically separate resources like a traditional data center can. To compensate, cloud computing logical segregation concepts are employed. These include VLANs, sandboxing, and the use of virtual network devices such as firewalls.
NEW QUESTION # 54
The baseline should cover which of the following?
- A. As many systems throughout the organization as possible
- B. A process for version control
- C. All regulatory compliance requirements
- D. Data breach alerting and reporting
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The more systems that be included in the baseline, the more cost-effective and scalable the baseline is. The baseline does not deal with breaches or version control; those are the provinces of the security office and CMB, respectively. Regulatory compliance might (and usually will) go beyond the baseline and involve systems, processes, and personnel that are not subject to the baseline.
NEW QUESTION # 55
All of the following methods can be used to attenuate the harm caused by escalation of privilege except:
Response:
- A. Analysis and review of all log data by trained, skilled personnel on a frequent basis
- B. Periodic and effective use of cryptographic sanitization tools
- C. Extensive access control and authentication tools and techniques
- D. The use of automated analysis tools such as SIM, SIEM, and SEM solutions
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 56
Cloud systems are increasingly used for BCDR solutions for organizations.
What aspect of cloud computing makes their use for BCDR the most attractive?
- A. Portability
- B. Measured service
- C. On-demand self-service
- D. Broad network access
Answer: B
Explanation:
Business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR) solutions largely sit idle until they are actually needed. This traditionally has led to increased costs for an organization because physical hardware must be purchased and operational but is not used. By using a cloud system, an organization will only pay for systems when they are being used and only for the duration of use, thus eliminating the need for extra hardware and costs. Portability is the ability to easily move services among different cloud providers. Broad network access allows access to users and staff from anywhere and from different clients, and although this would be important for a BCDR situation, it is not the best answer in this case. On-demand self-service allows users to provision services automatically and when needed, and although this too would be important for BCDR situations, it is not the best answer because it does not address costs or the biggest benefits to an organization.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Which of the following aspects of cloud computing would make it more likely that a cloud provider would be unwilling to satisfy specific certification requirements?
- A. Resource pooling
- B. Virtualization
- C. Regulation
- D. Multitenancy
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
With cloud providers hosting a number of different customers, it would be impractical for them to pursue additional certifications based on the needs of a specific customer. Cloud environments are built to a common denominator to serve the greatest number of customers. Especially within a public cloud model, it is not possible or practical for a cloud provider to alter its services for specific customer demands. Resource pooling and virtualization within a cloud environment would be the same for all customers, and would not impact certifications that a cloud provider might be willing to pursue. Regulations would form the basis for certification problems and would be a reason for a cloud provider to pursue specific certifications to meet customer requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 58
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